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  • Handout photo of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Ocean Entry and Laze. An aerial view, looking west, of the two active ocean entries on KÄ«lauea Volcano's lower East Rift Zone. The large white plume (foreground) is the eastern ocean entry; the weaker, western plume can be seen in the distance. The white plume, referred to as "laze," is a mixture of condensed acidic steam, hydrochloric acid gas, and tiny shards of volcanic glass that can irritate lungs, eyes and skin. May 26, 2018. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    638646_007.jpg
  • Handout photo of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Ocean Entry. Aerial view of the active ocean entries at KÄ«lauea Volcano's lower East Rift Zone captured during this morning's HVO overflight on May 25, 2018. An ongoing hazard at the ocean entries is laze. As hot lava boils cool seawater, a series of chemical and physical reactions create a mixture of condensed acidic steam, hydrochloric acid gas, and tiny shards of volcanic glass. Blown by wind, this plume creates a noticeable downwind haze, known as "laze" (short for lava haze). Laze is irritating to the lungs, eyes and skin. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    638646_006.jpg
  • Handout photo of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Lava Channels Feeding Ocean Entries - On Wednesday, May 23, 2018 the Hilo Civil Air Patrol conducted flights over the lower East Rift Zone eruption to assist USGS and Hawai‘i County Civil Defense Agency as they respond to the KÄ«lauea eruption. This image shows the scale of the lava channels feeding the ocean entries. Note that lava is overflowing the channels and is on top of slightly older, black lava flows. The visible haze is sulfur dioxide gas that's being emitted from the fissures. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    638646_001.jpg
  • Handout photo of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Lava Channels Entering Sea. On May 23, 2018, the Hilo Civil Air Patrol captured this evening photograph of the coastline where lava flows are entering the sea. There are currently three primary ocean entry points, which have evolved over the course of the eruption. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    638646_002.jpg
  • Hanout photo of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Eruption at Halema`uma`u Crater. View of a rising ash plume from Halema‘uma‘u, a crater at the summit of KÄ«lauea, late yesterday (May 24, 2018), as seen from the caldera rim near Volcano House. USGS scientists are stationed at this vantage point to track the ongoing summit explosions. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    638646_005.jpg
  • May 25, 2017 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - A resident passing as Sinabung volcano spews rolling thick volcanic ash into the air, as seen from Tiga Pancur village on May 25, 2017, North Sumatra province, Indonesia. The activity of Mount Sinabung with the status of Awas (Level IV) increases which volcanic earthquakes have continued to occur with erruptions creating an ash cloud of about 4,000 meters height. Mount Sinabung is one of the most active volcano in Indonesia. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20170525_zap_d129_001.jpg
  • May 25, 2017 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - A mosque covered as Sinabung volcano spews rolling thick volcanic ash into the air, as seen from Tiga Pancur village on May 25, 2017, North Sumatra province, Indonesia. The activity of Mount Sinabung with the status of Awas (Level IV) increases which volcanic earthquakes have continued to occur with erruptions creating an ash cloud of about 4,000 meters height. Mount Sinabung is one of the most active volcano in Indonesia. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20170525_zap_d129_009.jpg
  • Handout photo taken on may 21, 2018 of KÄ«lauea Volcan — Lava Fountain. Lava fountain at fissure 22, 9:03 a.m. HST, from the north side the fissure complex. Geologists report this morning the lava fountain as high as about 50 m (164 ft). Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
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  • Handout photo taken on May 21, 2018 of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Aerial of Fissure 22. Aerial view of erupting fissure 22 and lava channels flowing southward from the fissure during an early morning overflight. View is toward the southwest. Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
    637990_001.jpg
  • Handout photo taken on May 17, 2018 of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Aerial View of Ground Crack. Ground cracks on Pohoiki Road during an overflight of the eruptive fissurearea at about 7 a.m. HST. Cracks continued to open and widen, some with horizontal and vertical offsets, in the area during the past 24 hours. These cracks are caused by the underlying intrusion of magma into the lower East Rift Zone. Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
    637990_006.jpg
  • November 13, 2016 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Bursts of volcanic ash flowing from Sinabung volcano during eruption seen from the village of Simpang Empat, Karo, North Sumatra, on November, 12, 2016. Activities Sinabung since last week continued to show improvement so that people and tourists are encouraged to not move in a radius of 3-5 km. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20161113_zap_d129_002.JPG
  • November 13, 2016 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Bursts of volcanic ash flowing from Sinabung volcano during eruption seen from the village of Simpang Empat, Karo, North Sumatra, on November, 12, 2016. Activities Sinabung since last week continued to show improvement so that people and tourists are encouraged to not move in a radius of 3-5 km. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20161113_zap_d129_001.JPG
  • November 13, 2016 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Bursts of volcanic ash flowing from Sinabung volcano during eruption seen from the village of Simpang Empat, Karo, North Sumatra, on November, 12, 2016. Activities Sinabung since last week continued to show improvement so that people and tourists are encouraged to not move in a radius of 3-5 km. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20161113_zap_d129_004.JPG
  • November 13, 2016 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Bursts of volcanic ash flowing from Sinabung volcano during eruption seen from the village of Simpang Empat, Karo, North Sumatra, on November, 12, 2016. Activities Sinabung since last week continued to show improvement so that people and tourists are encouraged to not move in a radius of 3-5 km. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20161113_zap_d129_003.JPG
  • November 13, 2016 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Bursts of volcanic ash flowing from Sinabung volcano during eruption seen from the village of Simpang Empat, Karo, North Sumatra, on November, 12, 2016. Activities Sinabung since last week continued to show improvement so that people and tourists are encouraged to not move in a radius of 3-5 km. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20161113_zap_d129_007.JPG
  • November 13, 2016 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Bursts of volcanic ash flowing from Sinabung volcano during eruption seen from the village of Simpang Empat, Karo, North Sumatra, on November, 12, 2016. Activities Sinabung since last week continued to show improvement so that people and tourists are encouraged to not move in a radius of 3-5 km. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20161113_zap_d129_007.JPG
  • November 13, 2016 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Bursts of volcanic ash flowing from Sinabung volcano during eruption seen from the village of Simpang Empat, Karo, North Sumatra, on November, 12, 2016. Activities Sinabung since last week continued to show improvement so that people and tourists are encouraged to not move in a radius of 3-5 km. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20161113_zap_d129_001.JPG
  • November 13, 2016 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Bursts of volcanic ash flowing from Sinabung volcano during eruption seen from the village of Simpang Empat, Karo, North Sumatra, on November, 12, 2016. Activities Sinabung since last week continued to show improvement so that people and tourists are encouraged to not move in a radius of 3-5 km. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20161113_zap_d129_005.JPG
  • November 13, 2016 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Bursts of volcanic ash flowing from Sinabung volcano during eruption seen from the village of Simpang Empat, Karo, North Sumatra, on November, 12, 2016. Activities Sinabung since last week continued to show improvement so that people and tourists are encouraged to not move in a radius of 3-5 km. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20161113_zap_d129_006.JPG
  • Handout photo taken on May 22, 2018 of Kilauea Volcano — Overflight of Lower East Rift Zone. View during an early morning overflight of KÄ«lauea Volcano's lower East Rift Zone. Two fissures (not pictured) are sending lava down two channels that merge near the coast. Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
    637990_014.jpg
  • Handout photo taken on May 21, 2018 of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Ocean Entry. By the end of the afternoon, only a single ocean entry was active. The lava channel originates from fissure 22. This photo was taken during a late afternoon overflight of the lower East Rift Zone, KÄ«lauea Volcano. Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
    637990_005.jpg
  • Handout photo of North facing view of the 1 km (0.6 mi) long ocean entry with multiple lobes of lava flowing into the sea. Kilauea Volcano, HI, USA, June 26, 2018. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    643448_005.jpg
  • Handout photo of drone image of the fissure 8 lava channel looking toward the vent. Overflows can be seen as incandescent spots beyond the channel margins. Drone flights and resultant imagery help scientists better identify areas of channel overflows and active flow advancement. Incandescence (glowing) lava is easier to identify in the dark versus during daylight hours. Kilauea Volcano, HI, USA, July 2, 2018. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    643448_003.jpg
  • Handout photo of Early morning view of Fissure 8. Lava roils and pours out of the spatter cone into the open channel. Kilauea Volcano, HI, USA, June 28, 2018. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
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  • Handout photo of Fountains from the fissure 8 spatter cone continue to supply lava to an open channel. The spatter cone is now about 55 m (180 ft) tall at its highest point. As observed during this morning's helicopter overflight, the fountains rarely rise above the rim of the spatter cone. Kilauea Volcano, HI, USA, June 30, 2018. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    643448_001.jpg
  • Handout photo taken on May 22, 2018 of Kilauea Volcano — Lava Fountains (Fissure 22). The fissure complex remains active in KÄ«lauea Volcano's lower East Rift Zone. At times, fountaining at Fissure 22 reached a height of about 50 m (about 160 ft). Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
    637990_013.jpg
  • Handout photo taken on May 19, 2018. KÄ«lauea Volcano — Channelized Lava Flow. Helicopter overflight of KÄ«lauea Volcano's lower East Rift zone on May 19, 2018, around 8:18 AM, HST. ‘A‘ā lava flows emerging from the elongated fissure 16-20 form channels. The flow direction in this picture is from upper center to the lower left. Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
    637990_010.jpg
  • Handout photo taken on May 18, 2018 of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Spattering. Fissure 17 (middle photo) and fissure 18 (left side photo) during this morning's overflight of the area. View is toward the south. Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
    637990_007.jpg
  • Handout photo taken on May 22, 2018 of Kilauea Volcano — Ocean Entry. The fissure complex, pictured in the upper right, continues to feed a meandering lava flow (in the center). Lava in the easternmost lobe is entering the ocean (white plume). Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
    637990_004.jpg
  • Handout photo taken on May 20, 2018 of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Plume Rising. Ocean entry photograph from Civil Air Patrol (CAP) overflight taken at about 12:50PM. CAP operates to support the mission of both the USGS HVO and the Hawaii County Civil Defense. Hard to discern here, but there are two entries. The coastal area spanning the entry is about 1 km (0.6 mi) wide with an about 250 m (0.15 mi) KÄ«puka separating the two. Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
    637990_003.jpg
  • Handout photo of lava was entering the ocean over a broad area this morning. This image shows an active entry area along the northern flow front at Kapoho. View to the south. Kilauea Volcano, HI, USA, June 30, 2018. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
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  • Handout photo of lava entering the ocean along the northern margin of the flow field at the Kapoho coast, Kilauea Volcano, HI, USA, June 30, 2018. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    643448_009.jpg
  • Handout photo of lava flows around islands in the lava channel. The direction of flow is from the upper right to lower left. Field crews can make a rough calculation of velocity by timing large blocks as they pass between two landmarks that are a known distance apart. Kilauea Volcano, HI, USA, June 30, 2018. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    643448_008.jpg
  • Handout photo of Fissure 8 and the proximal lava flow channel on the morning of June 29. Low fountaining within the cone is still producing a vigorous supply of lava to the channel. Kilauea Volcano, HI, USA, June 29, 2018. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    643448_006.jpg
  • Handout photo of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Spatter Cone. Activity at fissure 6 this morning (May 25, 2018). Lava fountains have built a small spatter cone (black mound) from which lava was spilling out onto the surface and flowing into a small pond (left of the cone). Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    638646_003.jpg
  • Hanout photo taken on May 22, 2018 of Kilauea Volcano — Active Lava Break-Out. Aerial view of an active lava break-out. Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
    637990_015.jpg
  • Handout photo of One portion of the braided section of the fissure 8 lava channel. Kilauea Volcano, HI, USA, June 29, 2018. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    643448_007.jpg
  • Handout photo taken on May 21, 2018 of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Lava Fountain (Fissure 22). Helicopter overflight of KÄ«lauea Volcano's Lower East Rift Zone shows fountaining at Fissure 22. Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
    637990_012.jpg
  • Handout photo of the ocean entry being fed by a crusted over channel has fewer tiny ooze-out channels than yesterday spilling into the water. One larger ooze-out channel making dominant entry plume at the northern end of the broad ocean entry. Kilauea Volcano, HI, USA, July 2, 2018. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    643448_011.jpg
  • Handout photo of Lava from fissure 8 is entering the sea this morning on the southern portion of the flow front primarily through the open channel, but also along this 1 km (0.6 mi) wide area with multiple laze plumes from smaller oozing lobes. KÄ«lauea Volcano, HI, USA, June 26, 2018. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    643448_004.jpg
  • Handout photo taken on May 25, 2018 of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Lava Channel Merges. Fissures 6 (left) and 13 (right), with lava flows merging into one channel that flows into the ocean at the western-most entry. Note plume in distance at the ocean entries (top left). Photo is from an overflight at mid day. Photo by USGS via ABACAPRESS.COM
    638646_004.jpg
  • Handout photo taken on May 19, 2018 of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Channelized Lava Flow. Channelized lava emerges from the elongated fissure 16-20 (in the upper right). Photo taken May 19, 2018, at 8:18 AM HST. Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
    637990_009.jpg
  • Handout photo taken on May 18, 2018 of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Lava Flow. Lava from fissure 15 also covered the Pohiki water line. Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
    637990_008.jpg
  • Handout photo taken on May 21, 2018 of KÄ«lauea Volcano — Laze. Lava continues to enter the sea at two locations this morning. During this morning's overflight, the wind was blowing the "laze" plumes along the shoreline toward the southwest. Photo by usgs via ABACAPRESS.COM
    637990_002.jpg
  • May 25, 2017 - Sinabung volcano spews rolling thick volcanic ash into the air, as seen from Tiga Pancur village on May 25, 2017, North Sumatra province, Indonesia. The activity of Mount Sinabung with the status of Awas (Level IV) increases which volcanic earthquakes have continued to occur with erruptions creating an ash cloud of about 4,000 meters height. Mount Sinabung is one of the most active volcano in Indonesia. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20170525_zap_d129_006.jpg
  • February 4, 2017 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - A resident watched Sinabung as releasing a cloud of hot ash vulcanic showed signs of volcanic activity in the area remains high, during eruption in Karo. Sinabung roared back to life in 2010 for the first time in 400 years and after another period of inactivity, it erupted once more in 2013 and has remained highly active since and last erupted in May 2016, killing seven people. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20170204_zap_d129_007.jpg
  • August 3, 2017 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Local residents covered in volcanic thick dust on their motorbikes when the eruption of Sinabung released pyroclastic flows into the air, in Karo. The volcano destroys volcanic ash as high as 4.2 kilometers (2.2 miles), one of its biggest eruptions. In recent months high activity. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20170803_zap_d129_002.jpg
  • August 3, 2017 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Locals resident cover their faces with plastic bags when the eruption of Sinabung erupts pyroclastic flows into the air, in Karo on August 2, 2017, Indonesia. The volcano destroys volcanic ash as high as 4.2 kilometers (2.2 miles), one of its biggest eruptions. In recent months high activity. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20170803_zap_d129_001.jpg
  • May 20, 2017 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - A childs playing in their home on bursts of thick volcanic ash volcano Sinabung volcano into the air, in Karo on May 19, 2017, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia.  People are urged to remain vigilant and adhere to government recommendations. It is unpredictable how long Mount Sinabung will stop erupting. Volcanic parameters and mountain seismicity remain high so that the potential for further eruptions will continue. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    RTI20170520_zap_d129_001.jpg
  • August 5, 2017 - North Sumatera, Indonesia - Potato farmers around Sinabung were forced to harvest their crops earlier  in causes of  eruption three days  ago, resulting in the leaves of their plants drifting in the volcanic ash of eruption of Mount Sinabung. (Credit Image: © Sabirin Manurung/Pacific Press via ZUMA Wire)
    20170805_zaa_p133_035.jpg
  • August 2, 2017 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Volcanic dust covered villages when Sinabung volcano releases pyroclastic flows into the air, in Karo. The volcano destroys volcanic ash as high as 4.2 kilometers (2.2 miles), one of its biggest eruptions. In recent months high activity. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20170803_zap_d129_011.jpg
  • August 2, 2017 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Hot liquid lava spilled from Mount Sinabung near Karo. The volcano destroys volcanic ash as high as 4.2 kilometers (2.2 miles), one of its biggest eruptions. In recent months high activity. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20170803_zap_d129_010.jpg
  • August 3, 2017 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - This long exposure image shows hot liquid lava spilled from Mount Sinabung as seen from Karo. The volcano destroys volcanic ash as high as 4.2 kilometers (2.2 miles), one of its biggest eruptions. In recent months high activity. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20170803_zap_d129_008.jpg
  • June 15, 2018 - north sumatera, Indonesia - The clear, blue sky was quickly turned grey with ash. In this shot, you can see the flows of dust and smoked sulfatara generated by the eruption. Seen fro kabanjahe city. Even with the relative size of the eruption, there is no chance this causes any climate impact. The initial estimates of sulfur released are too low to cause much atmosphere effects and the height of eruption wasn’t tall enough to reach the stratosphere. (Credit Image: © Sabirin Manurung/Pacific Press via ZUMA Wire)
    20180615_zaa_p133_288.jpg
  • August 2, 2017 - Karo, Sumatra, Indonesia - Villagers wearing masks while volcanic ash spews from Mount Sinabung as seen from Beganding Village at Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Mount Sinabung is one of the most active volcanos in Indonesia. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20170803_zap_d129_001.jpg
  • May 20, 2017 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - A burst of thick volcanic ash volcano Sinabung volcano into the air, in Karo on May 19, 2017, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. People are urged to remain vigilant and adhere to government recommendations. It is unpredictable how long Mount Sinabung will stop erupting. Volcanic parameters and mountain seismicity remain high so that the potential for further eruptions will continue. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    RTI20170520_zap_d129_005.jpg
  • May 19, 2017 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Villager looks on Mount Sinabung spewed thick volcanic ash rolled into the air in Karo, north sumatera province. People are urged to remain vigilant and adhere to government recommendations. It is unpredictable how long Mount Sinabung will stop erupting. Volcanic parameters and mountain seismicity remain high so that the potential for further eruptions will continue. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    RTI20170520_zap_d129_011.jpg
  • March 27, 2019 - Limnos, Lemnos Island, Greece - Petrified round spherical peculiar volcanic rock formation like sculptures made of Lava at the geological park of Faraklo or Falakro near the beach coast in Lemnos or Limnos island, located in North Aegean Sea in Greece. The rocks are showing the unique amazing volcanic history of the geology with evidence of volcano eruption, lava flows and rounded volcanic formations, the area is protected and characterized as a Geological Park. (Credit Image: © Nicolas Economou/NurPhoto via ZUMA Press)
    20190327_zaa_n230_818.jpg
  • September 24, 2018 - Sunda Strait - Krakatoa, or Krakatau is a volcanic island situated in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Indonesian province of Lampung. The name is also used for the surrounding island group comprising the remnants of a much larger island of three volcanic peaks which was obliterated in a cataclysmic 1883 eruption. (Credit Image: ? ESA/ZUMA Wire/ZUMAPRESS.com)
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  • If a volcano erupts and there is no one there to see it, did it really erupt? Before the advent of satellites and seismic monitoring, volcanic eruptions in distant places would mostly go unnoticed unless they were absolutely extraordinary. Today, scientists can pick up signatures of events occurring far from any human observers.<br />
That was the case in late April and early May 2016 when satellite sensors detected signs of a volcanic eruption in the far South Atlantic Ocean between South America and Antarctica. Mount Sourabaya, a stratovolcano on Bristol Island, appeared to be erupting for the first time in 60 years. There are no human residents of the island, which is almost always covered in glacial ice and snow.<br />
The Operational Land Imager (OLI) on the Landsat 8 satellite acquired these two false-color images on April 24 and May 1, 2016. The images were built from a combination of shortwave-infrared, near-infrared, and red light (Landsat bands 6-5-4) that helps detect the heat signatures of an eruption. Both images show the heat signatures (red-orange) of what is likely hot lava, while white plumes trail away from the crater. The band combination makes the ice cover of the island appear bright blue-green.<br />
With a roughly rectangular shape that is 12 kilometers by 14 kilometers (7 by 8.5 miles), Bristol Island is one of the largest in the South Sandwich Islands chain. The highest peak on the island stands 1100 meters (3,609 feet) above sea level. Due to the remote location and the lack of landing sites amidst its ice cap, the stratovolcano is one of the least studied in the world. The last known eruption on Bristol Island was reported in 1956.<br />
References<br />
Culture Volcan (2016, May 3) Possible activité éruptive sur le volcan Bristol Island. Accessed May 9, 2016.<br />
Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program (2016) Bristol Volcano. Accessed May 9, 2016.<br />
South Sandwich Islands Volcano Monitoring Blog (2016, May 2) Eruption on Bristol Island. Accessed May 9, 2016.<br />
Volcano Discover
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  • November 2, 2017 - Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia - Sinabung volcano spews thick black smoke into the air seen in Karo, North Sumatra. Sinabung roared back to life in 2010 for the first time in 400 years. After another period of inactivity it erupted once more in 2013, and has remained highly active since. (Credit Image: © Ivan Damanik via ZUMA Wire)
    20171103_zap_d129_002.jpg
  • View Image Comparison<br />
View Both Images<br />
Two years ago, a new island, or "nijima," rose above the water line in the western Pacific, about 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) south of Tokyo. It grew out of the sea just 500 meters from Nishinoshima, another volcanic island. Over the past two years, that new island swallowed up its neighbor, and the merged island is now twelve times the size of the old island.<br />
The Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8 captured these images of the old and new Nishinoshima. The top image shows the area on November 6, 2013, two weeks before the eruption started. The second image was acquired on October 11, 2015, the most recent cloud-free view. In both images, pale areas just offshore likely reveal volcanic gases bubbling up from submerged vents or sediments disturbed by the eruption. Turn on the image comparison tool to see the transformation.<br />
Nishinoshima is part of the Ogasawara Islands, in the Volcano Islands arc. It is located at 27°14' North latitude and 140°52' East longitude, about 130 kilometers (80 miles) from the nearest inhabited island. According to the Japanese coast guard, which surveyed the island on November 17, the island now stretches 1.9 kilometers from east to west and 1.95 kilometers from north to south. It stands about 100 meters above the sea surface.<br />
Lava continues to ooze out slowly, though there are occasional explosions of rock and ash as well. Investigators noted that the total surface area of the island decreased a bit from September to November 2015 - 2.67 square kilometers to 2.64 - likely because of erosion of the coasts by wave action.<br />
You can see the evolution of the volcanic island by visiting out natural hazards event page.<br />
References<br />
Japan Coast Guard (2015, November 17) Situation of the volcanic activity of Nishinoshima. Accessed November 25, 2015.<br />
Japan Today (2015, November 22) New volcanic island grows 12 times in size since formation two years ago. Accessed November 25, 2015.<br />
Volcano Discovery (20
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  • June 15, 2017 - Gundaling, Northern Sumatra, Indonesia -  A person watches Mount Sinabung spewing out volcanic ash in Gundaling village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Mount Sinabung is one of Indonesia's 129 active volcanoes.  (Credit Image: © Lana Priatna/Xinhua via ZUMA Wire)
    20170615_zaf_x99_006.jpg
  • June 15, 2017 - Gundaling, Northern Sumatra, Indonesia -  A person watches Mount Sinabung spewing out volcanic ash in Gundaling village, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Mount Sinabung is one of Indonesia's 129 active volcanoes.  (Credit Image: © Lana Priatna/Xinhua via ZUMA Wire)
    20170615_zaf_x99_006.jpg
  • April 11, 2017 - Catania, Italy - Spectacular volcanic eruptions continue from Mount Etna in Italy.  (Credit Image: © Platania/Fotogramma/Ropi via ZUMA Press)
    20170411_zaf_r103_006.jpg
  • May, 19. 2017 - Villagers witnesses while ash volcanic spew from Mount Sinabung, as seen from Beganding village, at Karo, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Mount Sinabung is ones most active volcano in Indonesia, since erup at 2010 and killed 17 people at 2014 and killed 9 people at 2016 last year. (Credit Image: © Yt Haryono/Xinhua via ZUMA Wire)
    20170519_zaf_x99_115.jpg
  • May 5, 2018 - Leilani Estates, Hawaii, U.S. - At 7:45 a.m. HST, today, lava from fissure 7 slowly advanced to the northeast on Hookapu Street in Leilani Estates subdivision on Kilauea Volcano's lower East Rift Zone. Fresh volcanic eruptions on the southern end of the island of Hawaii after a series of tremors left residents displaced and frightened as the authorities evacuated the state's largest park on Friday and worked to keep people out of two subdivisions that had been evacuated. (Credit Image: ? USGS/ZUMA Wire/ZUMAPRESS.com)
    20180505_shb_z03_515.jpg
  • May 5, 2018 - Leilani Estates, Hawaii, U.S. - At 12:26 p.m. HST today, a crack opened on Pohoiki Road just east of Leilani Street in the Leilani Estates subdivsion. Fresh volcanic eruptions on the southern end of the island of Hawaii after a series of tremors left residents displaced and frightened as the authorities evacuated the state's largest park on Friday and worked to keep people out of two subdivisions that had been evacuated. (Credit Image: ? USGS/ZUMA Wire/ZUMAPRESS.com)
    20180505_shb_z03_517.jpg
  • May 5, 2018 - Leilani Estates, Hawaii, U.S. - A panoramic view of fissure 7 from the intersection of Leilani and Makamae Streets in the Leilani Estates subdivision. This photo was taken at 06:01 a.m. HST today. Fresh volcanic eruptions on the southern end of the island of Hawaii after a series of tremors left residents displaced and frightened as the authorities evacuated the state's largest park on Friday and worked to keep people out of two subdivisions that had been evacuated. (Credit Image: © USGS/ZUMA Wire/ZUMAPRESS.com)
    20180505_shb_z03_516.jpg
  • 2018 05 24 - Pahoa, Hawaii, USA:  Two rivers of lava  enter the sea this morning, as multiple fissure eruptions supplied a tremendous volume of molten material, and the interaction between the cold seawater and 2000 degree lava create a toxic gas plume of laze.  Consisting of hydrochloric acid, steam, and tiny bits of volcanic glass, this mixture irritates and burns, and can cause respiratory issues.<br />
Photo: ZUMA/Bruce Omori/Paradise Helicopters
    20180524_sha_b200_649.jpg
  • 2018 05 24 - Pahoa, Hawaii, USA:  Two rivers of lava  enter the sea this morning, as multiple fissure eruptions supplied a tremendous volume of molten material, and the interaction between the cold seawater and 2000 degree lava create a toxic gas plume of laze.  Consisting of hydrochloric acid, steam, and tiny bits of volcanic glass, this mixture irritates and burns, and can cause respiratory issues.<br />
Photo: ZUMA/Bruce Omori/Paradise Helicopters
    20180524_sha_b200_648.jpg
  • 2018 05 24 - Pahoa, Hawaii, USA:  Two rivers of lava  enter the sea this morning, as multiple fissure eruptions supplied a tremendous volume of molten material, and the interaction between the cold seawater and 2000 degree lava create a toxic gas plume of laze.  Consisting of hydrochloric acid, steam, and tiny bits of volcanic glass, this mixture irritates and burns, and can cause respiratory issues.<br />
Photo: ZUMA/Bruce Omori/Paradise Helicopters
    20180524_sha_b200_647.jpg
  • 2018 05 24 - Pahoa, Hawaii, USA:  Two rivers of lava  enter the sea this morning, as multiple fissure eruptions supplied a tremendous volume of molten material, and the interaction between the cold seawater and 2000 degree lava create a toxic gas plume of laze.  Consisting of hydrochloric acid, steam, and tiny bits of volcanic glass, this mixture irritates and burns, and can cause respiratory issues.<br />
Photo: ZUMA/Bruce Omori/Paradise Helicopters
    20180524_sha_b200_646.jpg
  • SAN JOSE, Sept. 20, 2016 (Xinhua) -- The city of San Jose is shrouded with volcanic ash as the Turrialba volcano erupts, in Costa Rica, Sept. 19, 2016. Turrialba has been undergoing a period of intermittent activity since late 2015, having erupted various times and blanketing parts of Costa Rica with ash. (Xinhua/Wang Pei) (wjd) (Credit Image: © Wang Pei/Xinhua via ZUMA Wire)
    20160919_zaf_x99_220.jpg
  • SAN JOSE, Sept. 20, 2016 (Xinhua) -- The city of San Jose is shrouded with volcanic ash as the Turrialba volcano erupts, in Costa Rica, Sept. 19, 2016. Turrialba has been undergoing a period of intermittent activity since late 2015, having erupted various times and blanketing parts of Costa Rica with ash. (Xinhua/Wang Pei) (wjd) (Credit Image: © Wang Pei/Xinhua via ZUMA Wire)
    20160919_zaf_x99_224.jpg
  • SAN JOSE, Sept. 20, 2016 (Xinhua) -- The city of San Jose is shrouded with volcanic ash as the Turrialba volcano erupts, in Costa Rica, Sept. 19, 2016. Turrialba has been undergoing a period of intermittent activity since late 2015, having erupted various times and blanketing parts of Costa Rica with ash. (Xinhua/Wang Pei) (wjd) (Credit Image: © Wang Pei/Xinhua via ZUMA Wire)
    20160919_zaf_x99_220.jpg
  • June 14, 2018 - Hawaii, U.S. - The Fissure 8 viewed from the north at 7:50 AM. The cone is roughly 50 m (165 ft) high at is peak, and a plume of sulfur dioxide and other volcanic gases rises as an orange tinge from the erupting lava fountains (hidden within the cone). Lava is still flowing out of the vent unabated as a full channel. To the left of the cone, a standing wave of lava can be seen in the channel. (Credit Image: © USGS/ZUMA Wire/ZUMAPRESS.com)
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