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  • EXCLUSIVE: A 10-year-old girl suffering from a rare skin disorder is gradually turning into a stone. Scutes shaped as barks -- caused due to mutation of genes -- have spread all over her body. Rajeshwari, hailing from a tribal area in Dantewada district of north Indian state of Chhattisgarh suffers from a case of ichthyosis that causes reddening, scaling and severe blistering of the skin. The incurable disease affects the process of skin regeneration in the human body, making it hard and flaky. Visuals show a heart-wrenching sight of Rajeshwari sitting under a thatched hut with blisters almost covering her whole body. Though the disease doesn't pose any risk to her life, it has made a life 'a living hell'. The disease hinders her daily life, making even simple activities such as walking and sitting very painful. According to reports, the rare genetic condition affects very few people and till now only two dozen cases have been reported in the world. The rarity of the case makes research difficult and the medicine to control the incurable disease has severe side effects. For people residing in the Naxal infested area, availing simple health care is already a mean feat and Rajeshwari's condition requires her to travel to a big city which is difficult for the time being. when doctors were shown the patient's case file, few of them came forward to express their opinions and diagnosis. Speaking about her condition, Dr.Satyaki Ganguly, Associate Professor at All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Raipur, said “ The medical term for this genetic disorder is Ichthyosis Psoriasis and due to very few cases in India, there has not been any major breakthrough in terms of research. Currently, science has no cure for this ailment.” Another dermatologist has another take on Rajeshwari’s case, Dr.Yash Upender from Dantewada Hospital believes that the girl suffers from Epidermolytic Ichthyosis which is not a life threatening disease but is still uncurable. Medication
    MEGA586418_007.jpg
  • EXCLUSIVE: A 10-year-old girl suffering from a rare skin disorder is gradually turning into a stone. Scutes shaped as barks -- caused due to mutation of genes -- have spread all over her body. Rajeshwari, hailing from a tribal area in Dantewada district of north Indian state of Chhattisgarh suffers from a case of ichthyosis that causes reddening, scaling and severe blistering of the skin. The incurable disease affects the process of skin regeneration in the human body, making it hard and flaky. Visuals show a heart-wrenching sight of Rajeshwari sitting under a thatched hut with blisters almost covering her whole body. Though the disease doesn't pose any risk to her life, it has made a life 'a living hell'. The disease hinders her daily life, making even simple activities such as walking and sitting very painful. According to reports, the rare genetic condition affects very few people and till now only two dozen cases have been reported in the world. The rarity of the case makes research difficult and the medicine to control the incurable disease has severe side effects. For people residing in the Naxal infested area, availing simple health care is already a mean feat and Rajeshwari's condition requires her to travel to a big city which is difficult for the time being. when doctors were shown the patient's case file, few of them came forward to express their opinions and diagnosis. Speaking about her condition, Dr.Satyaki Ganguly, Associate Professor at All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Raipur, said “ The medical term for this genetic disorder is Ichthyosis Psoriasis and due to very few cases in India, there has not been any major breakthrough in terms of research. Currently, science has no cure for this ailment.” Another dermatologist has another take on Rajeshwari’s case, Dr.Yash Upender from Dantewada Hospital believes that the girl suffers from Epidermolytic Ichthyosis which is not a life threatening disease but is still uncurable. Medication
    MEGA586418_008.jpg
  • EXCLUSIVE: A 10-year-old girl suffering from a rare skin disorder is gradually turning into a stone. Scutes shaped as barks -- caused due to mutation of genes -- have spread all over her body. Rajeshwari, hailing from a tribal area in Dantewada district of north Indian state of Chhattisgarh suffers from a case of ichthyosis that causes reddening, scaling and severe blistering of the skin. The incurable disease affects the process of skin regeneration in the human body, making it hard and flaky. Visuals show a heart-wrenching sight of Rajeshwari sitting under a thatched hut with blisters almost covering her whole body. Though the disease doesn't pose any risk to her life, it has made a life 'a living hell'. The disease hinders her daily life, making even simple activities such as walking and sitting very painful. According to reports, the rare genetic condition affects very few people and till now only two dozen cases have been reported in the world. The rarity of the case makes research difficult and the medicine to control the incurable disease has severe side effects. For people residing in the Naxal infested area, availing simple health care is already a mean feat and Rajeshwari's condition requires her to travel to a big city which is difficult for the time being. when doctors were shown the patient's case file, few of them came forward to express their opinions and diagnosis. Speaking about her condition, Dr.Satyaki Ganguly, Associate Professor at All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Raipur, said “ The medical term for this genetic disorder is Ichthyosis Psoriasis and due to very few cases in India, there has not been any major breakthrough in terms of research. Currently, science has no cure for this ailment.” Another dermatologist has another take on Rajeshwari’s case, Dr.Yash Upender from Dantewada Hospital believes that the girl suffers from Epidermolytic Ichthyosis which is not a life threatening disease but is still uncurable. Medication
    MEGA586418_002.jpg
  • EXCLUSIVE: A 10-year-old girl suffering from a rare skin disorder is gradually turning into a stone. Scutes shaped as barks -- caused due to mutation of genes -- have spread all over her body. Rajeshwari, hailing from a tribal area in Dantewada district of north Indian state of Chhattisgarh suffers from a case of ichthyosis that causes reddening, scaling and severe blistering of the skin. The incurable disease affects the process of skin regeneration in the human body, making it hard and flaky. Visuals show a heart-wrenching sight of Rajeshwari sitting under a thatched hut with blisters almost covering her whole body. Though the disease doesn't pose any risk to her life, it has made a life 'a living hell'. The disease hinders her daily life, making even simple activities such as walking and sitting very painful. According to reports, the rare genetic condition affects very few people and till now only two dozen cases have been reported in the world. The rarity of the case makes research difficult and the medicine to control the incurable disease has severe side effects. For people residing in the Naxal infested area, availing simple health care is already a mean feat and Rajeshwari's condition requires her to travel to a big city which is difficult for the time being. when doctors were shown the patient's case file, few of them came forward to express their opinions and diagnosis. Speaking about her condition, Dr.Satyaki Ganguly, Associate Professor at All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Raipur, said “ The medical term for this genetic disorder is Ichthyosis Psoriasis and due to very few cases in India, there has not been any major breakthrough in terms of research. Currently, science has no cure for this ailment.” Another dermatologist has another take on Rajeshwari’s case, Dr.Yash Upender from Dantewada Hospital believes that the girl suffers from Epidermolytic Ichthyosis which is not a life threatening disease but is still uncurable. Medication
    MEGA586418_006.jpg
  • EXCLUSIVE: A 10-year-old girl suffering from a rare skin disorder is gradually turning into a stone. Scutes shaped as barks -- caused due to mutation of genes -- have spread all over her body. Rajeshwari, hailing from a tribal area in Dantewada district of north Indian state of Chhattisgarh suffers from a case of ichthyosis that causes reddening, scaling and severe blistering of the skin. The incurable disease affects the process of skin regeneration in the human body, making it hard and flaky. Visuals show a heart-wrenching sight of Rajeshwari sitting under a thatched hut with blisters almost covering her whole body. Though the disease doesn't pose any risk to her life, it has made a life 'a living hell'. The disease hinders her daily life, making even simple activities such as walking and sitting very painful. According to reports, the rare genetic condition affects very few people and till now only two dozen cases have been reported in the world. The rarity of the case makes research difficult and the medicine to control the incurable disease has severe side effects. For people residing in the Naxal infested area, availing simple health care is already a mean feat and Rajeshwari's condition requires her to travel to a big city which is difficult for the time being. when doctors were shown the patient's case file, few of them came forward to express their opinions and diagnosis. Speaking about her condition, Dr.Satyaki Ganguly, Associate Professor at All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Raipur, said “ The medical term for this genetic disorder is Ichthyosis Psoriasis and due to very few cases in India, there has not been any major breakthrough in terms of research. Currently, science has no cure for this ailment.” Another dermatologist has another take on Rajeshwari’s case, Dr.Yash Upender from Dantewada Hospital believes that the girl suffers from Epidermolytic Ichthyosis which is not a life threatening disease but is still uncurable. Medication
    MEGA586418_001.jpg
  • EXCLUSIVE: A 10-year-old girl suffering from a rare skin disorder is gradually turning into a stone. Scutes shaped as barks -- caused due to mutation of genes -- have spread all over her body. Rajeshwari, hailing from a tribal area in Dantewada district of north Indian state of Chhattisgarh suffers from a case of ichthyosis that causes reddening, scaling and severe blistering of the skin. The incurable disease affects the process of skin regeneration in the human body, making it hard and flaky. Visuals show a heart-wrenching sight of Rajeshwari sitting under a thatched hut with blisters almost covering her whole body. Though the disease doesn't pose any risk to her life, it has made a life 'a living hell'. The disease hinders her daily life, making even simple activities such as walking and sitting very painful. According to reports, the rare genetic condition affects very few people and till now only two dozen cases have been reported in the world. The rarity of the case makes research difficult and the medicine to control the incurable disease has severe side effects. For people residing in the Naxal infested area, availing simple health care is already a mean feat and Rajeshwari's condition requires her to travel to a big city which is difficult for the time being. when doctors were shown the patient's case file, few of them came forward to express their opinions and diagnosis. Speaking about her condition, Dr.Satyaki Ganguly, Associate Professor at All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Raipur, said “ The medical term for this genetic disorder is Ichthyosis Psoriasis and due to very few cases in India, there has not been any major breakthrough in terms of research. Currently, science has no cure for this ailment.” Another dermatologist has another take on Rajeshwari’s case, Dr.Yash Upender from Dantewada Hospital believes that the girl suffers from Epidermolytic Ichthyosis which is not a life threatening disease but is still uncurable. Medication
    MEGA586418_003.jpg
  • EXCLUSIVE: A 10-year-old girl suffering from a rare skin disorder is gradually turning into a stone. Scutes shaped as barks -- caused due to mutation of genes -- have spread all over her body. Rajeshwari, hailing from a tribal area in Dantewada district of north Indian state of Chhattisgarh suffers from a case of ichthyosis that causes reddening, scaling and severe blistering of the skin. The incurable disease affects the process of skin regeneration in the human body, making it hard and flaky. Visuals show a heart-wrenching sight of Rajeshwari sitting under a thatched hut with blisters almost covering her whole body. Though the disease doesn't pose any risk to her life, it has made a life 'a living hell'. The disease hinders her daily life, making even simple activities such as walking and sitting very painful. According to reports, the rare genetic condition affects very few people and till now only two dozen cases have been reported in the world. The rarity of the case makes research difficult and the medicine to control the incurable disease has severe side effects. For people residing in the Naxal infested area, availing simple health care is already a mean feat and Rajeshwari's condition requires her to travel to a big city which is difficult for the time being. when doctors were shown the patient's case file, few of them came forward to express their opinions and diagnosis. Speaking about her condition, Dr.Satyaki Ganguly, Associate Professor at All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Raipur, said “ The medical term for this genetic disorder is Ichthyosis Psoriasis and due to very few cases in India, there has not been any major breakthrough in terms of research. Currently, science has no cure for this ailment.” Another dermatologist has another take on Rajeshwari’s case, Dr.Yash Upender from Dantewada Hospital believes that the girl suffers from Epidermolytic Ichthyosis which is not a life threatening disease but is still uncurable. Medication
    MEGA586418_005.jpg
  • EXCLUSIVE: A 10-year-old girl suffering from a rare skin disorder is gradually turning into a stone. Scutes shaped as barks -- caused due to mutation of genes -- have spread all over her body. Rajeshwari, hailing from a tribal area in Dantewada district of north Indian state of Chhattisgarh suffers from a case of ichthyosis that causes reddening, scaling and severe blistering of the skin. The incurable disease affects the process of skin regeneration in the human body, making it hard and flaky. Visuals show a heart-wrenching sight of Rajeshwari sitting under a thatched hut with blisters almost covering her whole body. Though the disease doesn't pose any risk to her life, it has made a life 'a living hell'. The disease hinders her daily life, making even simple activities such as walking and sitting very painful. According to reports, the rare genetic condition affects very few people and till now only two dozen cases have been reported in the world. The rarity of the case makes research difficult and the medicine to control the incurable disease has severe side effects. For people residing in the Naxal infested area, availing simple health care is already a mean feat and Rajeshwari's condition requires her to travel to a big city which is difficult for the time being. when doctors were shown the patient's case file, few of them came forward to express their opinions and diagnosis. Speaking about her condition, Dr.Satyaki Ganguly, Associate Professor at All India Institute of Medical Sciences(AIIMS), Raipur, said “ The medical term for this genetic disorder is Ichthyosis Psoriasis and due to very few cases in India, there has not been any major breakthrough in terms of research. Currently, science has no cure for this ailment.” Another dermatologist has another take on Rajeshwari’s case, Dr.Yash Upender from Dantewada Hospital believes that the girl suffers from Epidermolytic Ichthyosis which is not a life threatening disease but is still uncurable. Medication
    MEGA586418_004.jpg
  • September 27, 2016 - Washington, DC, United States of America - U.S. President Barack Obama receives a ceremonial blanket given him by Mohegan Chief Lynn Malerba, left, and Brian Cladoosby, President of National Congress of American Indians, during the White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Mellon Auditorium September 26, 2016 in Washington, DC. (Credit Image: © Pete Souza/Planet Pix via ZUMA Wire)
    20160927_zaa_p138_001.JPG
  • September 26, 2016 - Washington, DC, United States of America - U.S. President Barack Obama has a ceremonial blanket arranged on him by Mohegan Chief Lynn Malerba, left, and Brian Cladoosby, President of National Congress of American Indians, during the White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Mellon Auditorium September 26, 2016 in Washington, DC. (Credit Image: © Interior Department/Planet Pix via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_zaa_p138_026.JPG
  • September 26, 2016 - Washington, DC, United States of America - U.S. President Barack Obama smiles wearing a ceremonial blanket given him by Mohegan Chief Lynn Malerba, left, and Brian Cladoosby, President of National Congress of American Indians, during the White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Mellon Auditorium September 26, 2016 in Washington, DC. (Credit Image: © Interior Department/Planet Pix via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_zaa_p138_025.JPG
  • September 26, 2016 - Washington, DC, United States of America - U.S. President Barack Obama wearing a ceremonial blanket and hat during the White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Mellon Auditorium September 26, 2016 in Washington, DC. (Credit Image: © Interior Department/Planet Pix via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_zaa_p138_023.JPG
  • September 27, 2016 - Washington, DC, United States of America - U.S. President Barack Obama receives a ceremonial blanket given him by Mohegan Chief Lynn Malerba, left, and Brian Cladoosby, President of National Congress of American Indians, during the White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Mellon Auditorium September 26, 2016 in Washington, DC. (Credit Image: © Pete Souza/Planet Pix via ZUMA Wire)
    20160927_zaa_p138_001.JPG
  • September 26, 2016 - Washington, DC, United States of America - U.S. President Barack Obama has a ceremonial blanket arranged on him by Mohegan Chief Lynn Malerba, left, and Brian Cladoosby, President of National Congress of American Indians, during the White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Mellon Auditorium September 26, 2016 in Washington, DC. (Credit Image: © Interior Department/Planet Pix via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_zaa_p138_026.JPG
  • September 26, 2016 - Washington, DC, United States of America - U.S. President Barack Obama smiles wearing a ceremonial blanket given him by Mohegan Chief Lynn Malerba, left, and Brian Cladoosby, President of National Congress of American Indians, during the White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Mellon Auditorium September 26, 2016 in Washington, DC. (Credit Image: © Interior Department/Planet Pix via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_zaa_p138_025.JPG
  • September 26, 2016 - Washington, DC, United States of America - U.S. President Barack Obama has a ceremonial blanket arranged on him by Mohegan Chief Lynn Malerba, left, and Brian Cladoosby, President of National Congress of American Indians, during the White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Mellon Auditorium September 26, 2016 in Washington, DC. (Credit Image: © Interior Department/Planet Pix via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_zaa_p138_024.JPG
  • September 26, 2016 - Washington, DC, United States of America - U.S. President Barack Obama has a ceremonial blanket arranged on him by Mohegan Chief Lynn Malerba, left, and Brian Cladoosby, President of National Congress of American Indians, during the White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Mellon Auditorium September 26, 2016 in Washington, DC. (Credit Image: © Interior Department/Planet Pix via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_zaa_p138_022.JPG
  • September 26, 2016 - Washington, DC, United States of America - U.S. President Barack Obama has a ceremonial blanket arranged on him by Mohegan Chief Lynn Malerba, left, and Brian Cladoosby, President of National Congress of American Indians, during the White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Mellon Auditorium September 26, 2016 in Washington, DC. (Credit Image: © Interior Department/Planet Pix via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_zaa_p138_024.JPG
  • September 26, 2016 - Washington, DC, United States of America - U.S. President Barack Obama has a ceremonial blanket arranged on him by Mohegan Chief Lynn Malerba, left, and Brian Cladoosby, President of National Congress of American Indians, during the White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Mellon Auditorium September 26, 2016 in Washington, DC. (Credit Image: © Interior Department/Planet Pix via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_zaa_p138_022.JPG
  • September 26, 2016 - Washington, DC, United States of America - U.S. President Barack Obama wearing a ceremonial blanket and hat during the White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Mellon Auditorium September 26, 2016 in Washington, DC. (Credit Image: © Interior Department/Planet Pix via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_zaa_p138_023.JPG
  • September 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - US President BARACK OBAMA receives a traditional blanket and hat during a blanketing ceremony at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium.The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Credit Image: © Aude Guerrucci/CNP via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_zaa_s152_015.JPG
  • September 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - US President BARACK OBAMA receives a traditional blanket and hat during a blanketing ceremony at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium.The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Credit Image: © Aude Guerrucci/CNP via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_zaa_s152_015.JPG
  • April 28, 2018 - Kolkata, West Bengal, India - Tribal women take part in National SC, ST, OBC Student and Youth Front rally. Activist of National SC (Schedule Caste) , ST(Schedule Tribe), OBC (Other Backward Classes) Student and Youth Front and along with minority community take part in a rally for their various demands. (Credit Image: © Saikat Paul/Pacific Press via ZUMA Wire)
    20180428_zaa_p133_047.jpg
  • August 14, 2017 - London, UK - London, UK. 14th August 2017. A lawyer who visited Korba 3 months after the disatrous chimney collapse holds a poster with his photographs of some of the widows at the protest by Grass roots campaign Foil Vedanta outside the Vedanta AGM. They accuse Vedanta of illegal mining in Goa, of increasing harassment, torture and false accusations against tribal activists in Nyamgiri,  Odisha, who have used Indian laws to stop bauxite mining of their sacred mountain,  eleven years of ruinous and continuing pollution by Konkola Copper Mines (KCM) in Zambia, where they say the company have fraudulently avoided taxes and failed to publish mandatory accounts and other offences. Vedanta is a FTSE 250 British mining company controlled and 69.6% owned by Anil Agarwal and his family through a series of tax havens and holding companies and was launched on the Stock Exchange in 2003 with help from the UK’s Department for International Development (DfID) and Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) who continue to support it. Foil Vedanta call for the company to be delisted and shareholder activists went into the AGM to question its activities. Peter Marshall ImagesLive (Credit Image: © Peter Marshall/ImagesLive via ZUMA Wire)
    20170814_zap_d99_001.jpg
  • May 4, 2017 - Kolkata, West Bengal, India - Bharatiya Janta Party state president, Dilip Ghosh(in center) joins this protest rally in Kolkata. Bharatiya Janta Party Yuva Morcha hold a protests in College Square accusing ruling Trinamool Congress  for forcing  Naxalbari tribal couple who had hosted B.J.P. president Amit Shah during his recent visit, to Trinamool Congress. (Credit Image: © Saikat Paul/Pacific Press via ZUMA Wire)
    RTI20170504_zaa_p133_252.jpg
  • April 29, 2016 - Rio De Janeiro, Brasil - Brazilian indigenous chief Raoni Metuktire of the Kayapo ethnic group during the 1st World Congress on Environmental Law April 29, 2016 in Rio de Janerio, Brazil. (Credit Image: © Fernando Frazao/Planet Pix via ZUMA Wire)
    20160429_zaa_p138_007.jpg
  • October 3, 2018 - Lake Eyasi, Ngorongoro district, Tanzania - Manu (14) shoots an arrow.The Hadza are one of the last remaining societies, which remain in the world, that survive purely from hunting and gathering. Very little has changed in the way the Hadza live their lives. But it has become increasingly harder for them to pursue the Hadza way of life. Either the Hadza will find a way to secure their land-rights to have access to unpolluted water springs and wild animals, or the Hadzabe lifestyle will disappear, with the majority of them ending up as poor and uneducated individuals within a Westernized society that is completely foreign to them. The hunter gatherer Hadza way of live is under threat. (Credit Image: © Stefan Kleinowitz/ZUMA Wire)
    20181003_zap_k212_022.jpg
  • October 3, 2018 - Lake Eyasi, Ngorongoro district, Tanzania - Manu (14)The Hadza are one of the last remaining societies, which remain in the world, that survive purely from hunting and gathering. Very little has changed in the way the Hadza live their lives. But it has become increasingly harder for them to pursue the Hadza way of life. Either the Hadza will find a way to secure their land-rights to have access to unpolluted water springs and wild animals, or the Hadzabe lifestyle will disappear, with the majority of them ending up as poor and uneducated individuals within a Westernized society that is completely foreign to them. The hunter gatherer Hadza way of live is under threat. (Credit Image: © Stefan Kleinowitz/ZUMA Wire)
    20181003_zap_k212_009.jpg
  • October 3, 2018 - Lake Eyasi, Ngorongoro district, Tanzania - Young Hadza men test their daily hand-made arrows.The Hadza are one of the last remaining societies, which remain in the world, that survive purely from hunting and gathering. Very little has changed in the way the Hadza live their lives. (Credit Image: © Stefan Kleinowitz/ZUMA Wire)
    20181003_zap_k212_006.jpg
  • October 3, 2018 - Lake Eyasi, Ngorongoro district, Tanzania - Young Hadza boys climb a huge stone rock next to their camp.The Hadza are one of the last remaining societies, which remain in the world, that survive purely from hunting and gathering. Very little has changed in the way the Hadza live their lives. But it has become increasingly harder for them to pursue the Hadza way of life. Either the Hadza will find a way to secure their land-rights to have access to unpolluted water springs and wild animals, or the Hadzabe lifestyle will disappear, with the majority of them ending up as poor and uneducated individuals within a Westernized society that is completely foreign to them. The hunter gatherer Hadza way of live is under threat. (Credit Image: © Stefan Kleinowitz/ZUMA Wire)
    20181003_zap_k212_001.jpg
  • August 21, 2018 - New York City, New York, USA - 8/20/18.Madonna at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. (Credit Image: © Starmax/Newscom via ZUMA Press)
    20180821_zaa_nc34_148.jpg
  • August 21, 2018 - New York City, New York, USA - 8/20/18.Madonna at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. (Credit Image: © Starmax/Newscom via ZUMA Press)
    20180821_zaa_nc34_144.jpg
  • August 21, 2018 - New York City, New York, USA - 8/20/18.Madonna at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. (Credit Image: © Starmax/Newscom via ZUMA Press)
    20180821_zaa_nc34_137.jpg
  • August 21, 2018 - New York City, New York, USA - 8/20/18.Madonna at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. (Credit Image: © Starmax/Newscom via ZUMA Press)
    20180821_zaa_nc34_132.jpg
  • August 21, 2018 - New York City, New York, USA - 8/20/18.Madonna at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. (Credit Image: © Starmax/Newscom via ZUMA Press)
    20180821_zaa_nc34_136.jpg
  • Performance before the Autumn International match at Twickenham, London.
    33575074.jpg
  • June 12, 2017 - Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia - Balinese armed with thorny pandanus leafs prepares before an annual sacred Mekare-kare ritual or known as Pandanus Fight in Tenganan Village, Karangasem, Bali, Indonesia on 12 June 2017. The fight is believed as their scarification for God Indra of the God of War in order to balance the human body and the universe. (Credit Image: © Johanes Christo/NurPhoto via ZUMA Press)
    20170612_zaa_n230_126.jpg
  • June 9, 2017 - Pecatu, Bali, Indonesia - Hanoman (white monkey) was tied up and burned in the popular theatrical performance of Uluwatu on June 9, 2017 at Uluwatu Tample in Pecatu Village, Bali, Indonesia. (Credit Image: © Muhammad Fauzy/NurPhoto via ZUMA Press)
    20170609_zaa_n230_408.jpg
  • October 3, 2018 - Lake Eyasi, Ngorongoro district, Tanzania - Giaga (50), Manu (14), Osama (15) and Madenye (46) sit and rest on a dead tree.The Hadza are one of the last remaining societies, which remain in the world, that survive purely from hunting and gathering. Very little has changed in the way the Hadza live their lives. But it has become increasingly harder for them to pursue the Hadza way of life. Either the Hadza will find a way to secure their land-rights to have access to unpolluted water springs and wild animals, or the Hadzabe lifestyle will disappear, with the majority of them ending up as poor and uneducated individuals within a Westernized society that is completely foreign to them. The hunter gatherer Hadza way of live is under threat. (Credit Image: © Stefan Kleinowitz/ZUMA Wire)
    20181003_zap_k212_016.jpg
  • August 21, 2018 - New York City, New York, USA - 8/20/18.Madonna at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. (Credit Image: © Starmax/Newscom via ZUMA Press)
    20180821_zaa_nc34_142.jpg
  • August 21, 2018 - New York City, New York, USA - 8/20/18.Madonna at the 2018 MTV Video Music Awards at Radio City Music Hall in New York City. (Credit Image: © Starmax/Newscom via ZUMA Press)
    20180821_zaa_nc34_135.jpg
  • Performance before the Autumn International match at Twickenham, London.
    33576594.jpg
  • October 3, 2017 - Washington, District Of Columbia, USA - Chairman BRANDON SAZUE of the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe speaks at a press conference introducing the Tribal Heritage and Grizzly Bear Protection Act outside the United States Capitol Building. (Credit Image: © Alex Edelman via ZUMA Wire)
    RTI20171003_zap_e113_051.jpg
  • October 3, 2017 - Washington, District Of Columbia, USA - Chairman BRANDON SAZUE of the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe during a press conference introducing the Tribal Heritage and Grizzly Bear Protection Act outside the United States Capitol Building. (Credit Image: © Alex Edelman via ZUMA Wire)
    RTI20171003_zap_e113_053.jpg
  • October 3, 2017 - Washington, District Of Columbia, USA - Chairman BRANDON SAZUE of the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe speaks at a press conference introducing the Tribal Heritage and Grizzly Bear Protection Act outside the United States Capitol Building. (Credit Image: © Alex Edelman via ZUMA Wire)
    RTI20171003_zap_e113_051.jpg
  • June 13, 2018 - Agartala, Tripura, India - A blood drop from a tribal woman..A health worker is collecting blood samples from tribal women and preserving them as the samples  will go for  HIV testing in a free health campaign organized by a private concern in  the outskirts of Agartala, capital of the northeastern state of Tripura. (Credit Image: © Abhisek Saha/SOPA Images via ZUMA Wire)
    20180613_zaa_s197_085.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama leaves after speaking at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_018.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama speaks at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_019.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama greets guests after speaking at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_016.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama speaks at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_013.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama receives a traditional blanket and hat during a blanketing ceremony at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_010.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama receives a traditional blanket and hat during a blanketing ceremony at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_009.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama receives a traditional blanket and hat during the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_001.jpg
  • Sep 27, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160927_mda_m133_340.JPG
  • Sep 27, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160927_mda_m133_338.JPG
  • Sep 27, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160927_mda_m133_337.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_366.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_364.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_361.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_359.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_356.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_358.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_344.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_342.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_341.JPG
  • US President Barack Obama speaks at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_013.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama receives a traditional blanket and hat during a blanketing ceremony at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_010.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama leaves after speaking at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_018.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama greets guests after speaking at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_016.jpg
  • Guests listen to US President Barack Obama speaks at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_015.jpg
  • Guests listen to US President Barack Obama speaks at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_012.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama receives a traditional blanket and hat during a blanketing ceremony at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_007.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama receives a traditional blanket and hat during a blanketing ceremony at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_009.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama receives a traditional blanket and hat during the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_003.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama receives a traditional blanket and hat during the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_002.jpg
  • Sep 27, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160927_mda_m133_340.JPG
  • Sep 27, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160927_mda_m133_338.JPG
  • Sep 27, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160927_mda_m133_337.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_364.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_366.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_361.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_359.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_356.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_358.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_354.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_350.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_344.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_346.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_343.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_342.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_341.JPG
  • US President Barack Obama receives a traditional blanket and hat during a blanketing ceremony at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_006.jpg
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_350.JPG
  • Sep 26, 2016 - Washington, District of Columbia, U.S. - Native American Tribal leaders during a press conference after a meeting with President Obama at the Tribal Nations Conference. The last minute press conference was called to discuss the controversial Dakota pipeline issue. (Credit Image: © Eman Mohammed via ZUMA Wire)
    20160926_mda_m133_343.JPG
  • US President Barack Obama speaks at the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_019.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama receives a traditional blanket and hat during the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. (Pool/Aude Guerrucci)
    564551_001.jpg
  • US President Barack Obama receives a traditional blanket and hat during the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC, USA. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. Photo by Aude Guerrucci/Pool/ABACAPRESS.COM  | 564551_001
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  • US President Barack Obama receives a traditional blanket and hat during the 2016 White House Tribal Nations Conference at the Andrew W. Mellon Auditorium, September 26, 2016, Washington, DC, USA. The conference provides tribal leaders with opportunity to interact directly with federal government officials and members of the White House Council on Native American Affairs. Photo by Aude Guerrucci/Pool/ABACAPRESS.COM  | 564551_001
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  • Nov. 9, 2013 - Traditional Xhosa culture has been unveiled in the news a lot lately for two reasons; Firstly, Nelson Mandela’s funeral. An unfortunate loss whereby all South Africans shared in mourning the death of their beloved Madiba and great leader. Secondly; the initiations in which young Xhosa boys have to endure. In December 2013, 41 boys lost their lives in an Initiation School, with many, many more around South Africa...For a Xhosa boy to become a man he has to go through an extremely tough initiation and the conditions are unbelievably bad, not to mention the horrendous hygiene issue. They get together in groups where they are taught about traditions and how to conduct oneself like a ‘proper’ (genuine) Xhosa man. They are then circumcised and sent into the bush to fend for themselves for an entire month! Circumcision is done with a blunt blade which all the boys have to share. The mortality rate is exceedingly high, as you can only imagine...In Nelson Mandela’s words (“The Long Walk To Freedom”) he explained when he experienced the first part of his own initiation:..“When I was sixteen, the regent decided that it was time that I became a man. In Xhosa tradition, this is achieved through one means only: circumcision. In my tradition, an uncircumcised male cannot be heir to his father's wealth, cannot marry or officiate in tribal rituals. An uncircumcised Xhosa man is a contradiction in terms, for he is not considered a man at all, but a boy. For the Xhosa people, circumcision represents the formal incorporation of males into society. It is not just a surgical procedure, but a lengthy and elaborate ritual in preparation for manhood. As a Xhosa, I count my years as a man from the date of my circumcision...It was a sacred time; I felt happy and fulfilled taking part in my people's customs and ready to make the transition from boyhood to manhood... At dawn, when the stars were still in the sky, we began our preparati
    20131109_zap_k121_028.jpg
  • Nov. 9, 2013 - Traditional Xhosa culture has been unveiled in the news a lot lately for two reasons; Firstly, Nelson Mandela’s funeral. An unfortunate loss whereby all South Africans shared in mourning the death of their beloved Madiba and great leader. Secondly; the initiations in which young Xhosa boys have to endure. In December 2013, 41 boys lost their lives in an Initiation School, with many, many more around South Africa...For a Xhosa boy to become a man he has to go through an extremely tough initiation and the conditions are unbelievably bad, not to mention the horrendous hygiene issue. They get together in groups where they are taught about traditions and how to conduct oneself like a ‘proper’ (genuine) Xhosa man. They are then circumcised and sent into the bush to fend for themselves for an entire month! Circumcision is done with a blunt blade which all the boys have to share. The mortality rate is exceedingly high, as you can only imagine...In Nelson Mandela’s words (“The Long Walk To Freedom”) he explained when he experienced the first part of his own initiation:..“When I was sixteen, the regent decided that it was time that I became a man. In Xhosa tradition, this is achieved through one means only: circumcision. In my tradition, an uncircumcised male cannot be heir to his father's wealth, cannot marry or officiate in tribal rituals. An uncircumcised Xhosa man is a contradiction in terms, for he is not considered a man at all, but a boy. For the Xhosa people, circumcision represents the formal incorporation of males into society. It is not just a surgical procedure, but a lengthy and elaborate ritual in preparation for manhood. As a Xhosa, I count my years as a man from the date of my circumcision...It was a sacred time; I felt happy and fulfilled taking part in my people's customs and ready to make the transition from boyhood to manhood... At dawn, when the stars were still in the sky, we began our preparati
    20131109_zap_k121_027.jpg
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